Effectiveness of an occupational self-analysis intervention through a mobile application (OcupApp) in people with anxiety or depression: a randomised controlled trial protocol.

The main objective of this protocol is to understand the effectiveness of the use of a mobile application (OcupApp) to generate a personal self-analysis about meaningful activities in a population of adults aged between 50 and 70 years with low or moderate depression/anxiety. A randomised study will be carried out comparing the effects of the use of the OcupApp application with a control intervention on health-related quality of life, mental health, frequency of participation on meaningful activities, and perceived occupational balance. This is the first study to use occupational self-analysis in m-health to improve occupational balance, mental health, frequency of participation in meaningful activities and health-related quality of life. The app was co-created with a population whose characteristics are similar to those of the target users, and it was tested in both the intervention itself and the presentation, thus it is expected to be effective.Trial Registration Number: Clinical Trial B1-2020_25.

This is the first study to evaluate the impact of an app on occupational participation in people older than 50 years with mild-moderate anxiety and/or depressionIntroducing an occupational self-analysis app that helps people become aware of their occupations can improve health-related quality of life, mental health, frequency of participation on meaningful activities, and perceived occupational balance.OcupApp will allow people to go under occupational self-analysis process from home or any other place, maintaining the principles of the original programme.

Co-created Technological Solutions for Caregivers in Health Care: Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Support interventions for caregivers can reduce their stress, possibly improving the quality of patients' care while reducing care costs. Technological solutions have been designed to cover their needs, but there are some challenges in making them truly functional for end users. Co-design approaches present important opportunities for engaging diverse populations to help ensure that technological solutions are inclusive and accessible. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify co-created technological solutions, as well as the process followed for their co-creation, in the field of health for caregivers. METHODS: The literature review was conducted in the Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Scielo, and IEEE Xplore databases. The inclusion criteria were studies written in English or Spanish and with a publication date until May 2021. The content had to specify that the caregivers actively participated in the co-creation process, which covered until the development phase of the technological solution (prototype). The level of evidence and the methodological quality were analyzed when possible, using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, version 2018, respectively. RESULTS: In total, 410 papers were identified, and 11 met the eligibility criteria. The most predominant articles were mixed methods studies and qualitative studies. The technology used in the analyzed articles were mobile or web applications (9 studies) and specific devices such as sensors, cameras, or alarm systems (2 studies) to support the health and social aspects of caregivers and improve their education in care. The most common patient profile was older people (7 studies); 6 studies used co-creation in the requirements phase, 6 studies detailed the design phase. In 9 studies, the prototype was iteratively refined in the development phase, and the validation phase was performed in 5 of the reviewed studies. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review suggests that existing co-created technological solutions in the field of health for caregivers are mostly mobile or web applications to support caregivers' social health and well-being and improve their health knowledge when delivering care to patients, especially older people. As for the co-creation process, caregivers are particularly involved during development and in the design. The scarce literature found indicates that further research with higher methodological quality is needed.

Interactive Medical Image Labeling Tool to Construct a Robust Convolutional Neural Network Training Data Set: Development and Validation Study.

BACKGROUND: Skin ulcers are an important cause of morbidity and mortality everywhere in the world and occur due to several causes, including diabetes mellitus, peripheral neuropathy, immobility, pressure, arteriosclerosis, infections, and venous insufficiency. Ulcers are lesions that fail to undergo an orderly healing process and produce functional and anatomical integrity in the expected time. In most cases, the methods of analysis used nowadays are rudimentary, which leads to errors and the use of invasive and uncomfortable techniques on patients. There are many studies that use a convolutional neural network to classify the different tissues in a wound. To obtain good results, the network must be trained with a correctly labeled data set by an expert in wound assessment. Typically, it is difficult to label pixel by pixel using a professional photo editor software, as this requires extensive time and effort from a health professional. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to implement a new, fast, and accurate method of labeling wound samples for training a neural network to classify different tissues. METHODS: We developed a support tool and evaluated its accuracy and reliability. We also compared the support tool classification with a digital gold standard (labeling the data with an image editing software). RESULTS: The obtained comparison between the gold standard and the proposed method was 0.9789 for background, 0.9842 for intact skin, 0.8426 for granulation tissue, 0.9309 for slough, and 0.9871 for necrotic. The obtained speed on average was 2.6, compared to that of an advanced image editing user. CONCLUSIONS: This method increases tagging speed on average compared to an advanced image editing user. This increase is greater with untrained users. The samples obtained with the new system are indistinguishable from the samples made with the gold standard.

Use of Virtual Reality in the Reduction of Pain After the Administration of Vaccines Among Children in Primary Care Centers: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Pain and anxiety caused by vaccination and other medical procedures in childhood can result in discomfort for both patients and their parents. Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that is capable of entertaining and distracting the user. Among its many applications, we find the improvement of pain management and the reduction of anxiety in patients undergoing medical interventions. OBJECTIVE: We aim to publish the protocol of a clinical trial for the reduction of pain and anxiety after the administration of 2 vaccines in children aged 3 to 6 years. METHODS: We will conduct a randomized, parallel, controlled clinical trial with 2 assigned groups. The intervention group will wear VR goggles during the administration of 2 vaccines, while the control group will receive standard care from a primary care center for the procedure. Randomization will be carried out by using the RandomizedR computer system-a randomization tool of the R Studio program. This trial will be an open or unblinded trial; both the subjects and the investigators will know the assigned treatment groups. Due to the nature of the VR intervention, it will be impossible to blind the patients, caregivers, or observers. However, a blind third-party assessment will be carried out. The study population will include children aged 3 to 6 years who are included in the patient registry and cared for in a primary care center of the region of Central Catalonia. They will receive the following vaccines during the Well-Child checkup: the triple viral+varicella vaccine at 3 years of age and the hepatitis A+diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine at 6 years of age. RESULTS: The study is scheduled to begin in January 2022 and is scheduled to end in January 2023, which is when the statistical analysis will begin. As of March 2022, a total of 23 children have been recruited, of which 13 have used VR during the vaccination process. In addition, all of the guardians have found that VR helps to reduce pain during vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: VR can be a useful tool in pediatric procedures that generate pain and anxiety. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/35910.